niu-social-assessment-design

Apply the social-science item-design ideas represented by Niu Xuewen, Li Jing, and coauthors to design, review, revise, and explain middle-school ethics-and-law, history, geography, interdisciplinary, open, inquiry, comprehensive, practical, and performance-based items or papers. Use for teacher item-writing development, requirement clarification, item-design route selection, context and source-material engineering, task design, and scoring-rubric design. For new-item requests, first elicit and lock an item-design contract, offer 2-3 consequential design routes when professional choices are unresolved, and do not generate a final item while essential boundaries remain open. Do not infer Zhejiang Zhongkao constructs, trends, alignment, difficulty, or score-improvement value without separate Zhejiang exam evidence.

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